> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.cfo.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Actuals, Forecast, and formula ranges

> Use Last close and formula ranges to apply different calculations to closed Actuals and future Forecast periods.

A **formula range** lets a Variable use different calculations across different parts of the timeline. Actuals and Forecast are the most common examples.

The **Last close** date separates closed Actuals from future Forecast periods.

## Example

Payroll might use imported accounting data for Actuals and a planning formula for Forecast:

```text theme={null}
Headcount * `Average Salary`
```

The imported data supports Actuals. The planning formula applies in Forecast.

## Formula ranges depend on Date

A formula range is a boundary on the Date Dimension. A range-specific formula must include the Model's Date grain, which is commonly monthly.

For a monthly Model, the Date part of the scope looks like:

```text theme={null}
[Date.Month in any]
```

A formula scoped only by Department cannot be limited to Actuals or Forecast until its scope also includes Date.

## Combine formula ranges with segments

A formula range can be combined with other Dimensions. For example, Sales can use one Forecast formula while other departments use a broader Forecast formula.

The formula must match both the formula range and the segment before it applies.

## When Last close changes

Moving Last close changes which dates fall into Actuals and Forecast. The formulas do not need to be rewritten; cfo.ai applies them to the periods on the correct side of the updated boundary.

## If a formula does not apply

Check:

* The formula is assigned to the intended formula range, Actuals or Forecast.
* Date is included in the formula scope.
* The Date granularity matches the table.
* A more specific segment formula is not overriding it.
* You are viewing the intended Scenario.

## Related

* [Choose where a formula applies](/formulas/core-concepts/choose-where-a-formula-applies)
* [Workspace and team settings](/workspace-settings/team-and-workspace)